11 Challenging Words Starting With A for Spanish Students

Here are 11 words beginning with A that can pose some difficulty for Spanish students. Learn these, and youll be well on your way to improving your use of the language. a: As a common preposition, a has at least six uses. It usually means to but can also be translated by other prepositions or used as a type of connecting word. Sometimes, as with the personal a, it need not be translated at all. No fuimos a la playa. We didnt go to the beach. Llegamos a Guatemala a las 17 horas. We arrive in Guatemala at 5 p.m. Conocà ­ a la superestrella en Buenos Aires. I met the superstar in Buenos Aires. adonde and adà ³nde: Adonde and adà ³nde usually mean where, but only in cases where to where or some variation of that could be substituted in translation. In other words adà ³nde functions much as a dà ³nde would and indicates motion to a place or in a direction. Es una pequeà ±a playa pà ºblica adonde mis padres nos llevaban en verano. Its a small public beach (to) where my parents took us in summer.  ¿Quà © pasa si adà ³nde viajamos es otro planeta? What happens if where were traveling (to) is another planet? al: Al is one of Spanishs few contractions, combining a and el, a word for the. When al means to the, its use is straightforward. However, al followed by an infinitive is a common way of explaining that something happened after the action represented by the infinitive. Paulina y yo vamos al zoo para ver los animales. Paulina and I are going to the zoo to see the animals. Me alegrà © al encontrar algunos de mis amigos en el centro. I became happy when I found some of my friends downtown. aparentemente: Depending on the context, aparentemente can suggest more strongly than does the English apparently that things may not be what they seem. Està ¡ aparentemente feliz, pero està ¡ a punto de pedirle el divorcio. Shes supposedly happy, but shes on the verge of asking him for the divorce. apologà ­a: An apologà ­a is a defense of a position, as in a legal case or an argument. It is not used to express regret. No hay apologà ­a del terrorismo. There is no defense for terrorism. asistir: Although asistir can mean to assist, it much more often means to attend a gathering or event. Gracias a todos que asistieron mi concierto anoche. Thanks to everyone who attended my concert last night. El gobierno le asistià ³ con una pensià ³n hasta el final de sus dà ­as. The government assisted him with a pension until the end of his days. atender: Atender can mean to attend in the sense of attending to someone but not in the sense of attending an event. El doctor atendià ³ al futbolista en el hospital durante su grave enfermedad. The doctor attended to the soccer player during his serious illness. aun and aà ºn: Although aun and aà ºn are both adverbs, the first is usually used to indicate even as in the examples below, while the latter usually indicates an action continues and can be translated as still or yet. Aun este aà ±o no tengo nada. Even this year I dont have anything. Ni aun yo puedo entenderlos. Not even I can understand them. He configurado mi dispositivo, pero aà ºn no puedo usar la internet. I have configured my device, but I still cant use the Internet. Or, I have configured my device, but I cant use the Internet yet. aunque: Aunque is the most common way of saying although; often it is better translated even though or even if. If the verb that follows refers to something that already happened or is happening, it must be in the indicative mood, while a verb referring to the future or a hypothetical event must be in the subjunctive. Todo està ¡ bien aunque me tragaron los mosquitos cuando me fui de camping. Everything is fine even though the mosquitoes ate me up when I went camping. (Tragaron is in the indicative because it refers to a past event.) Crean una pila que no hace daà ±o aunque los nià ±os la traguen. They are developing a battery that causes no harm even if children swallow it. (Traguen is in the subjunctive mood because the event is yet to happen or is theoretical.) Sources: Sample sentences have been adapted from the following sources: TripAdvisor.es, Diario Norte, Marcianitos Verdes, Facebook conversations, El Zol 107.9, Zendesk, Goal.com, La Nacià ³n (Argentina), Twitter conversations, Cuba Encuentro, LaInformacià ³n.com and Diario Correo (Peru).

Human Population On Earths Life - 1632 Words

It is terrifying to realize that the human population on Earth has reached over 7.3 billion people. This astonishing and constantly increasing amount of people threatens our planet’s limited resources. It is times like these that make me nostalgic for the feudal ages, where large populations of people were decimated by illnesses such as the plague. The advances in modern medicine today, while extremely impressive, are ultimately extremely detrimental to the human population as a whole because they surprisingly help prevent people from dying. How dare they! Humans are starting to get a better quality of life due to the many advances in medical technology and knowledge, but at what cost? People won’t die! The question is, why should we, as a society, try to prevent people from dying when it’s inevitable? In the animal kingdom, it’s everyone for themselves, or survival of the fittest. If people are too weak to fight off an illness, or too stupid to f ind a way to stay alive, then they should die. There have been many other extremely knowledgeable humans who agree that eventually, â€Å"the earth’s carrying capacity will no longer be able to keep up with population growth, and civilization will end unless large swaths of human beings are killed, so the question is: How do we want to do this?† In a very credible and well-esteemed publication, Dr. Edwin Peters, a Cambridge University ecologist followed up this statement by asking a critical question: â€Å"Do we want to giveShow MoreRelatedPollution Of The Environment And The Home1208 Words   |  5 Pagesanything which is unclean. It causes a lot of environmental issues and health problems not only to humans, but to all creatures on the earth. If we more deeply consider the effects of pollution, this should lead to changes in the environment by humans in their daily activities. 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Death of a Salesman Structure Metaphoric Language Essay Example For Students

Death of a Salesman Structure Metaphoric Language Essay and ThemeIn looking at the characteristics of the tragic hero, it can be see that Willy Loman is not a tragic hero but a victim of a false idealistic pursuit of the American Dream. Willy strives to become and instill in his sons the success of the self made man that American society often advertises but ultimately falls short, and instead, escapes accepting his failure through lies and death. What many flaws Willy possesses, most do not correlate with the classic tragic hero. Willy Loman, was never really of noble stature, as was summed up by Linda, the person who knew him best. Willy Loman never made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper. Hes not the finest character that ever lived. Willys harmartia was his obsession with the false American Dream that caused him to become delusional and totally blind of his actual situation. If this is so, then he cannot he commit a true and calculated error of judgment and then his downfall is due to an overriding irrepressible mental co ndition which cancels his own fault in his downfall. His delusional state of mind blurs reality and causes him to never accept or understand who he is or his downfall erasing any notion that he experienced an epiphany of any sort. In fact, it can be said that he dragged one of his sons with him. In front of Willys grave Happy vows to continue Willys dream. He had a good dream. Its the only dream you can have- to come out the number-one man. He fought it out here, and this is where Im gonna win it for him. Willy Loman is an example of the middle class man caught as a victim of society where the odds are against him, a has-been. As a victim he unwillingly suppressed himself and his family in a web of lies and false pride. Although he never discovered his own ignorance and in the process took someone else, his death opened the window for Biff to see the real Willy. He had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong. He then describes Willy to the point. He never knew who he was. The metaphoric language used in the play is used mainly to advance its theme of idealism versus reality. The metaphors illustrate the plays portrayal of economic struggle and family instability. Furthermore, they can be classified what if metaphors and what is metaphors. A what if metaphor addresses the idealistic lives of the Lomans. Dreams are constantly brought up by Biff who uses them to bring light to the fictitious and dreamy lives the family is living. When talking to Willy Biff says, Weve been talking in a dream for fifteen years. and later pleads with him to accept reality. Will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens? Seeds are associated with Willys desire to create something, especially out of youth (Biff and Happy) and he often comments on planting them. Willy contemplates planting beet seeds in the garden. Maybe beets would grow out there. This creates an insightful response from Linda. But you tried so many times. The seeds are representative of Willys desire to grow his family into something; Lindas remark paints the fact that he has failed. Right before his suicide, which brought the family much needed money, Willy goes out to the backyard and begins to plant a garden. A what is metaphor is exactly what it is, reality. The stockings represent Willys unfaithfulness to his wife and the torment that it brings him to know that. Willy snaps sharply at Linda when he sees her mending her stockings. I wont have you mending stockings in this house! Now throw them out! The sight of the stockings brings back memories of when Biff caught him cheating on his wife and found out that Willy gave his mistress the expensive stockings he was supposed to give Linda as a gift. The stockings then act as a symbol of Willy as a bad father and husband. The name Loman or Low-Man is metaphoric in that it describes and isolates the family at a low level social

Critical Analysis of the Fiscal Responsibility Act free essay sample

This paper critically analyses the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the Act; the machinery for implementation; the powers and tenor of the members of the Fiscal Responsibility Board; the appointment of members of the Board; Fiscal policy/activity uniformity in/among the various tiers of government; the fiscal control on borrowing; the key features of the Fiscal Responsibility Act; the consequences of the Fiscal Responsibility Act; the protection of officeholders, among others. The paper hoped that Nigeria’s Fiscal Responsibility Act will strengthen the nation’s financial reporting and ensue better management of its resources. The paper then concluded that the FRA provided the much needed deterrent to stop public officers dipping their hands in the states till and then made some recommendations for improvement. Page 2 of 19 Introduction Following the incessant misappropriation, mismanagement, and lack of stewardship and accountability in the nation’s public sector, the Fiscal Responsibility Bill was proposed for consideration by the President Obasanjo administration through the then Minister of Finance – Prof. Okonjo-Iwuala N. The Bill was passed into law in 2007 as the Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2007. The Fiscal Responsibility Act provides for a body known as the Fiscal Management Council that comprises the Fiscal Responsibility Council and the Governing Board. The Council is charged with the responsibility of monitoring and enforcing the provisions of the Act to ensure accountability, transparency and prudence in the management of the nation’s resources by all tiers of government, government corporations or companies and agencies. Therefore, the Fiscal Responsibility Council is the regulatory and supervisory body in the public sector. By this Act, it is expected that the Public Sector would have a definite regulatory structure to act as watch dog on the activities of the public office holders and as checks on financial encroachment between/among tiers of government. This is expected to bring sanity and responsiveness into the public sector and among the various tiers of government in Nigeria. The Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) is a law to â€Å"redirect government at all levels to imbibe a fiscal behaviour that will promote prudence and sound financial management in the system† (http://www. udgetmonitoring. org/ Page 3 of 19 Spotlights/2007/02/26/News11618/). The Fiscal Responsibility Act seeks to ensure that the Federal Government will never commit itself to spending money without ensuring that it has the necessary funds in place to begin with (Nwanma, Vincent, 2007). Afemikhe, (2005:6), fingered the poor performance of the public sector despite abundance of mineral resources in the country and blamed al l on corruption and mismanagement. Posited thus: â€Å"how is it that a country with abundant human and natural resources, that held so much promise at independence and was trumpeted with significant economic achievements in the decade following the oil boom has so rapidly fallen from grace to grass and indeed appears to have completely lost its way and its focus? The answer lies in the twin evils of corruption and poor public expenditure management†. Afemikhe was not alone in accusing Nigeria of poor management, Africafront. om/news also decried our polity thus: â€Å"our fiscal policies have been largely characterised by poor planning, massive waste and wrong priorities. We have rarely failed to match our fiscal responsibility acts with the right policies thereby making effective and efficient service delivery impossible†. The site maintained that the FRA is a fundamental action to attack fiscal inconsistency and indiscipline from the head to the root. It is noted that the Fiscal Responsibility Act (20 07) â€Å" aims to ensure fiscal accountability, check corruption, monitor the budget processes and call Page 4 of 19 ublic officials to order ; it does not appear that there is one final act that should hopefully put the final nail on financial rascality in government (http://www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights/2007/02/26/ News11618/). Nwanma, Vincent, (2007) was of similar view when he asserted that â€Å"no-one expects that it (FRA) will end high-level corruption at a stroke†. According to then Anambra State Commissioner for Finance (2007), Eze Echesie, â€Å"I don’t think any single law can stem or stop fiscal rascality but we have tried to ensure the elements of consensus building in this bill†. Nath Nwabueze, a lecturer in finance at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri warned that the Fiscal Responsibility Act would not cure Nigeria’s problems of high-level corruption and poor budget planning unless it was properly enforced (Nwanma, Vincent, 2007). At worst, the Act will â€Å"commit chief executives at all tiers of government to a set of efficient rules for economic management by providing set standards for the planning and control of public expenditure instead of leaving it to the whim of either the president or state governors. The Act will also facilitate parliamentary and public scrutiny of economic and monetary information and plans; bring a long-term focus to budgeting and thereby minimise risk and fluctuations in government monetary operations and policy (www. africafront. com/news). Page 5 of 19 Statements of the Problem Nigerian fiscal policies have been largely characterised by poor planning, massive waste and wrong priorities. This they claim spring from corruption and poor financial management. The Fiscal Responsibility Act was enacted with the aim of checking these anomalies in the system. The extent to which the law can do this is not known, therefore, it becomes imperative to analyse the content of the law to ascertain its workability within the Nigerian context. Objectives of the Study The paper aimed critically analyse the contents of the Act in order the pinpoints its possible strongpoint and defects. It will also identify and appraise the basic features of the Act to ascertain its workability in the country. Machinery for Implementation The Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) has its focal point as the prudent management of the nations resources anchored in accountability and transparency with the establishment of a Fiscal Responsibility Commission to ensure the promotion, implementation and enforcement of the Act. One good feature of the Act is that it â€Å" also have a mechanism through which it can be adequately enforced because our greatest problem in this country is not making laws but enforcing them† (www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights). Page 6 of 19 The Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) they said is â€Å"the first time in the history of Nigeria where an enactment is accompanied with a body to enforce/implement such policy † (www. africafront. com/news). Therefore, the problem of constitutional battle as to who is responsible for enforcement as may be witnessed in some aspects of financial corruption cases where the EFCC and ICPC may have to be involved in one and/or similar cases. This clash may mar efficiency and at worst, the purpose of such law. This problem was avoided in the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007. Powers and Tenor of the Members of the Fiscal Responsibility Commission A body corporate with perpetual succession was established and known as the Fiscal Responsibility Council. This body can sue and be sued in its name and is responsible for monitoring and enforcing the provisions of the Fiscal Responsibility Act as well as promote the economic objectives contained in S. 16 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; see S. 1(1-3). The Fiscal Responsibility Act gives the Council independence and immunity in the performance of its functions; see S. (2 3). The immunity might cause the members to indulge in ultravires acts and make them â€Å"untouchable† and â€Å"small gods† during their stay in office. Some officeholders may use them to witchhunt their enemies. Therefore, they will be more effective and fair in their judgements if they are answerable to their actions during their stay in office. Page 7 of 19 The Fiscal Responsibility Act gives the Council powers to establish and maintain a fund for the purpose of defraying its expenditures including amount payable to the members of the Board of the Council. The major sources of fund for the council include budgetary allocation from the Federal Government, grants from others sources. The funding of the council is a mandatory obligation of the Federal Government; see S. 4(2) . Being that the Commission gets its funds from mandatory Federation Account Allocation; the presidency will have minimal influence on their actions; though the presidency appoints the Chairman (see S. 5) The Act states that the Chairman and members of the Board shall hold office for a single term of four (4) years; see S. 5(5). This may mar continuity since all the board members have to vacate office at the same time. S. 10 of the Act mandate the Board to prepare and submit an annual report containing its activities including all cases of contravention investigated during the preceding financial year, and shall include in the report a copy of its audited report and account for the preceding financial year. This section of the Act makes the body to be â€Å"forcefully† accountable and transparent to the public. This implies that any corrupt fiscal activity not uncovered before the end of a certain financial year under which such ncidence occur might make the public to view the body as corrupt in themselves and be probed. Therefore, for the sake Page 8 of 19 of personal reputation, the members of the board might want to be transparent in their dealings. Also, the Act requires the Board to submit an audited annual financial report to the National Assembly. This checks the Board’s financial excesses and may put them on track of financial transparency. This Act builds up a regulatory framework for the fiscal affairs of public office holder with the Fiscal Responsibility Council (FRC) as the regulator; see S. 7(5). But the Act did not give express powers the FRC to demand financial returns and to do onsite financial supervision on the financial affairs of the Federal, State and Local Governments and their agencies and corporations. The body will be more effective and efficient if they could check financial affairs of public office holders in the manner the CBN, the NDIC and the SEC do to banks and other financial institutions and firms whose securities are traded on the floor of the . Stock Exchange Market. Appointment of Members of the Council The Act states the each zone of the federation shall produce one representative for the Board of the Commission. It gives the State Governors of each zone the prerogative of nominating the representative; see S. 5(2e). This Act did not state the quantification and social standing of this member. This may cause the nomination to be based on political rather than academic and Page 9 of 19 social factors. This is capable bringing in politicking into the nomination as some political office holders may want to use the position as a spy and protection against his/her anomalies in office during his/her tenor. Fiscal Uniformity The Act states that the States and Local Governments shall plan the management of their fiscal affairs within the medium-term framework as prepare by the Commission for the Federal Government; see S. 17 (1). They may modify the provisions of sections 11,12,13, 14, 15 and 16 as appropriate for them. Virginia Major in www. budgetmonitoring. rg/Spotlights posited that it is important that the Act apply to all levels of government equitably. The Act sets out a general framework for budgetary planning, execution and reporting that is applicable to all levels of government. It was expected that through consultation with states and councils, the Act will set general targets and limits for selected fiscal indicators for the country with specific sanctions for non-compliance . Also it aims at high transparency and reporting standards for all the levels of government (www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights). In view of that the President – Umaru Musa Yar Adua immediate after singing the bill into law commented thus: Page 10 of 19 â€Å"I have assented to the Fiscal Responsibility Bill after due consultation with the State Governments whose support and concurrence is critical to the successful nationwide implementation of the provisions of the law (Nwanma, Vincent, 2007). The President – Umaru Musa Yar Adua further said that if the states governments in the federation pass equivalent laws it will tighten up their budgeting procedures at the state level. Therefore, for the Fiscal Responsibility Act to be effective, the reforms it introduces must also be adopted at state level. The Act religiously set out rules with the core objective of committing all tiers of government to a well-defined and structured economic regime which would ensure economic growth and maintain economic stability. Daily Independent (Lagos), (2009) reported that the apathy being displayed by many state government with respect to passing the Fiscal Responsibility and Public Procurement (FRPP) laws in their domains is both inexplicable and disgraceful. It said that for more than two years later – and despite the repeated urging of the Federal Government, civil society groups and well-meaning Nigerians – response by many states remains tepid and perfunctory. A report recently released by the Secretariat of the Governors’ Forum in Abuja indicates that only 11 states have so far passed the Fiscal Responsibility Page 11 of 19 Bill into law, while 12 have enacted the Public Procurement Law (Daily Independent, 2009). Both laws are designed to ensure prudent management of public resources and enthrone accountability and transparency in the conduct of government business by curbing corrupt behaviour. The states reported to have passed and signed both bills into law are Abia, Bauchi, Cross Rivers, Delta, Ebonyi, Gombe, Kaduna, Kogi, Ondo and Osun. Three states governors have not forwarded any of both bills to their houses of assembly for legislative work to commence on them. They are Akwa Ibom, Edo and Enugu states (Daily Independent, 2009). It may be noteworthy to state here that the Act will be more effective and efficient if all the tiers of governments could adopt and practice the contents of this Act. Fiscal Control on Borrowing S. 49 (1) states that any government in the Federation or its agencies and corporations desirous of borrowing shall, specify the purpose for which the borrowing is intended and present a cost-benefit analysis, detailing the economic and social benefits of the purpose to which the intended borrowing is to be applied. Nwanma, Vincent (2007) described this as â€Å"strict controls on government borrowing†. He said that this will make it more difficult for the Federal Government and the state government to borrow money at random in Page 12 of 19 order to plug unexpected gaps in funding. And it specifically bars government from borrowing money to fund routine items of recurrent expenditure such as staff salaries. Henceforth, the federal and state governments will only be allowed to borrow money to fund new capital expenditure projects such as power stations and oil refineries and new human development projects. Furthermore, they will only be allowed to borrow on approved terms, laid down by the Fiscal Responsibility Act. These are designed to guarantee that all new government loans are contracted on competitive terms – at reasonable rates of interest and with excessive fees and commissions. The new law imposes conditions on new borrowing which are designed to ensure that any government agency contracting a loan will have the means to repay it. If all borrowings are tied to cost-benefit analysis, government projects will tend to be selected based on their contribution to economic development. This will aid the achievement of the (Vision 2020) of the President Yar Adua administration. Protection of Office Holders According to one time Anambra State Commissioner for Finance (in 2007), Eze Echesie, the Anambra state government opposes the bill (when it was proposed) on the grounds that it is against the principle of fiscal federalism Page 13 of 19 practiced in Nigeria. According to him, â€Å"the bill should be restricted to the national level, which is, planning and budgeting as they relate to the Federal Government. It should not cover the state†. He further added that the Association of Commissioners of Finance in Nigeria are opposed to the bill saying that: â€Å"We will end up sending commissioners of finance to jail – and we have said that we do not want to go to jail. He pointed out that a state governor makes all the financial decisions but while the governors enjoy immunity, the commissioners – who are the accounting officers and execute government policies – do not. † www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights The Act gives the President, State Governors, Local Government Council Chairman and the Members of the Board immunity during their stay in office. But, the Minister of Finance and Commissioners of Finance at the state level are (and the treasurer at the Council level) not given immunity during their tenor. This they see as a flaw since the Minister, Commissioners of Finance and treasurer of the Local Government are responsibility and accountable for public revenues and spending. The Nigerian fiscal policy allows the presidency and state Governors to most times, spend monies without the approval of the Minister or Commissioner of Finance. Www. budgetmonitoring. rg/Spotlights noted that correcting the fiscal responsibility of the commissioners of finance will affect the efficacy of the laws at the state level. Page 14 of 19 Consequences of the FRA 1. Firstly, it should avoid a fresh build up of external and internal debt to the point where the Nigeria government can no longer meet its repayment obligations. The president (or through the Minister of Finance) on the advice of the Debt Management Office is expected by the Act to set limits on borrowings for Federal, State and Local Governments with three months to the commencement of this Act; see S. 7 (1). This set limit forms the basis for external and/or internal borrowing by all tiers of government. Any government that does not meet this requirement cannot borrow more fund internally or externally; see S. 47 (7). 2. Secondly, it should improve the chances of government projects being funded and completed on schedule. The Act makes case for planned projects. It requires that projects be properly planned and budgeted for. This includes the cost-benefit analysis and time frame for completion of the project, which have to incorporate due process. This means that the office holder who initiates a project must state in objective term its success before ever embarking in it. (All men are answerable to projects they started whether still in the office or not). Key Features of the Fiscal Responsibility Act The Act provides for a comprehensive budgetary planning process derived from Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). This is a tool for Page 15 of 19 linking policy, planning and budgeting over the medium-term – usually three years – at a government wide level. An MTEF takes account of government’s long and medium term strategies and the resources available to meet objectives over a three year time span. It also allocates resources to strategic priorities among and within sectors and it commences with the preparation of a macroeconomic framework and guidelines. It equally ensures that annual revenues and expenditures estimates are consistent with its provisions, which requires that rules on cost, cost control and evaluation of results of programmes financed are observed. The MTEF will be updated annually to reflect policy and macroeconomic changes. The principal components of the MTEF are as follows: medium-term revenue framework; medium-term expenditure framework; fiscal strategy paper spelling out the fiscal strategy for the planning term; medium term sector strategies with projects and programmes linked to long and medium term plans, which will, in turn, feed into the annual budget ad submission of a comprehensive Appropriation Bill ensuring all parameters are abided by. Already the MTEF is being implemented at the federal level. The Act seeks to codify this comprehensive planning framework (Minister of Finance – Nenadi Usman). Page 16 of 19 Conclusion The Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 has provided a yardstick for financial prudence, accountability and transparency that might engender continued economic growth and development. It is the first law in the country to be backed up with a body for implementation. It is also designed to harmonise and encouraged economic planning and control mechanism. Planning we know is sine qua non to success, therefore, we may say that the beginning of constitutional, conscious, objective and harmonised economic planning through the Medium Term Expenditure Framework is a step toward sustainable economic development for the nation. The Act has put a strategized stop to excessive, unarticulated and uneconomical borrowing that most times ends in accumulated debts that drag the nation backward. The Act touches crucial areas in our political and economic life that incite and nurture corrupt practices. We can say that the Act is capable of abating corruption in the country. All in all, it is hoped that Nigeria’s Fiscal Responsibility Act will strengthen the nation’s financial reporting and ensue better management of its resources. As such, it will provide the much needed deterrent to stop public officers dipping their hands in the states till. Page 17 of 19 Recommendations 1. The immunity given to the members of the Fiscal Responsibility Council should be removed. As a regulatory and supervisory body to the fiscal activities of public officeholders, they should operate as the CBN, NDIC and SEC who monitors the activities of banks and security markets respectively with office immunity.

John Marshall and the Supreme Court free essay sample

Marshall always spoke very intelligently. When conversing with Marshall, Jefferson said, l never admit anything. Or you will be forced to grant his conclusion. (Glen non) He was easily able to discuss with the justices about not descending and politicking from the bench. Marshall spoke frequently about how the court should act and think as one. He succeeded in bringing the justices of the Supreme Court together the rough his intelligent speeches and persuasive manner.Marshals persuasive manner contributed to convincing the justices that writing one opinion instead of each justice writing his own would be more effective. This custom gave the judicial pronouncements a forceful unity they had formerly lacked (MouseKey 25). This change allowed Marshall to write the majority of the opinions. Out of 1 006 decisions Marshall wrote 508. One Of those decisions, judicial review, was the most important ever written. The Supreme Court had two choices as to what to do about Mammary vs. We will write a custom essay sample on John Marshall and the Supreme Court or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .Madison. They could order delivery of the commissions and risk being ignored or they could not support Mammary and look weak to all. This placed the court in a very compromising position but Marshall uses his immense intellect to gain the courts the respect and power it deserves. Marshall realized the Supreme Court had no jurisdiction over this case. Article 1 3 of the Judiciary Act of 1789, the article that provides the court with the power to issue a writ of mandamus, is unconstitutional.This article is unconstitutional because original jurisdiction is defined in the Constitution and Congress does not have the power to add to it unless through a constitutional amendment. The court was in the delightful position, Job rejecting and assuming power in a single breath, for the Congress had tried to give the judges an authority they could not constitutionally accept and judges high-minded refusing (MouseKey 27). Marshall could have ended the case eight there but decided against that and managed to initiate the power the Supreme Court holds today.By denying the power to issue a writ of mandamus, Article 13 of the Jud iciary Act of 1 789, and then assuming the power to declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional, judicial review, the courts began receiving the respect and power they deserved. This provided the Supreme Court with the power of checks on legislative laws that were passed. It showed the general public that the courts do have power in the grand scheme things. Marshall supplied the Supreme Court with this vast power yet it wasnt used again until 857. The Supreme Court decision established the court as its own entity.Marshall used the decision to give the court independence from the other branches. It also gave the Supreme Court independence from state courts. The Supreme Court can now only hear cases specified in its original jurisdiction written in the Constitution. Marshall believed that if the Supreme Court had not established its independence the court system altogether would have collapsed. It would have been overpowered by the other branches of the government. Mammary vs.. Madison was very significant in shaping the Supreme Court the ay it is today.Today the Supreme Court deals with the agenda of the nation. The Supreme Court is the policy maker of the nation; making policies on issues such as abortion, affirmative action, and prayer in school. The Supreme Court Justices decide monumental cases such as Roe vs.. Wade. John Marshall was to the Supreme Court what George Washington was to the nation. George Washington made the nation something to be proud of as an American; John Marshall did the same for the Supreme Court. Chief Justice John Marshal and his decision Of judicial review forever changed the court system.

How suspense is created and maintained in the opening scene of the matrix Essays

How suspense is created and maintained in the opening scene of the matrix Essays How suspense is created and maintained in the opening scene of the matrix Paper How suspense is created and maintained in the opening scene of the matrix Paper The Matrix that was created and produced by the wachowski brothers, was revolutionary at the time that it was created and is still being looked upon for being the pioneer of the camera shot bullet time. It was widely reviewed and was quoted the action film of the millennium by Total Film.One way that the directors create suspense is using visual effects. An example of this is bullet time, a revolutionary idea that involves over one hundred and fifty still cameras to create a slow motion picture that creates suspense and creates a certain aura of mystery when you first see it shown.Another way that the directors create suspense is to choose their locations very easily to try and emphasize the importance and aim of a particular scene. One scene that they achieved this was in the nightclub. The reason that they chose a nightclub was to create a sense of safety in numbers. The packed club is less likely to be attacked because of all the people and therefore is a safer place to talk and s hare information that is exactly what they did.The choice of character plays a big part in the creating of suspense. Two characters that achieve this very well are the Agents and Neo. The Agents appear to show no emotion. They wear very bland clothes and always appear very powerful. The first time that you see the Agents you do not know if they are good or bad and the directors turn tyhis confusion into suspense very well. Neo is also used to create suspense, as he is not the usual action hero. He is not incredibly muscular like other action heros such as Arnold Schwarzenegger. He is also a lot more intelligent than others using brain not brawn which separates The Matrix from other stereotypical action movies.Sound effects and music are used a lot throughout the movie. The use of sound effects can be very useful for setting the tone and scene and the directors of The Matrix have achieved this very well and appropriately. For example, when Trinity is running across the roof tops whil e being chased by the agents and the police. The music that is used in this scene follows the movement of Trinity. Therefore, when she slows down as does the music. In addition, when there is a tense moment the music slows down even further and a different style is music is shown as to make it seem out of the ordinary to what you have been watching. This trick creates more suspense than just the tension of the jump. Another time that they use sound effects is when the numbers came up on the screen. The numbers that appear on the screen are zoomed in and so does the music it makes the brain think that it is being pulled into the numbers. We are then shown a police officers torch. The way that this works is that the numbers are shown by zooming in. The audience focus in on the numbers and they realise the question why are the numbers significant?.A good example of editing is when the typing on the computer monitor wakes up Neo. The computer typing then tells him to follow the white ra bbit. When we are first shown this there is no real significance about a white rabbit, this leaves the audience wondering about how it will become significant. A few moments later, the information becomes noticeable as the director uses a point of view shot to create a sense of importance. At first, you are shown Neo catching his eye on something; you then see the rabbit on the shoulder through the point of view of Neo. Although the point of view shot, is what makes you see what he is seeing without the shot before when you see him notice it the point of view shot would not have had the same effect.Editing is also used after just before this when trinity leaves the matrix. The agents talk amongst themselves and they say the search has already begun the next thing that you see is the computer screen in front of Neo with the word search flashing on the screen to bring attention to it as it is being said as the two scenes mould together. This technique is very effective and the directo r has achieved this very well leaving the suspense building until later on in the story.Colour and lighting also plays a big part in the creating of suspense throughout the whole movie. Probably the best example of this is in the opening sequence. When the police officers run through into a dark room and their torches focus in on Trinity. This gives her the center of attention. The directors have deliberately set this scene in a dark room and by using the directed beam of the torches; they have been able to create a sense of importance around Trinity.Voice-overs are not the best way of creating suspense in my opinion but the directors do use it and they do achieve a certain element of suspense using it. One example of the directors using voice-overs is when Trinity jumps across the rooftops. She makes a giant leap and one of the chasing police officers proclaims thats impossible just those two words bring you closer to the screen in anticipation that she might not be able to make it .Setting and scenery plays a huge part in the creating of suspense and the directors accomplish this very well. A very good example of the use of settings and scenery is when we first see Trinity. This is in a hotel room; it is very and with no distinctive distractions other than Trinity a chair and a laptop. This focuses all attention on where trinity is sitting and on to what she is doing. It is also a very small space that comes into effect when they start fighting as the small space makes the action more intense with only a small space for them to fight in.Another piece of voice over happens right at the start of the film. A total blackout with just to people talking makes you concentrate more on what they are saying. A character that we dont know yet says Morphius believes that he is the one just this simple piece of dialogue insights us a range of different questions who is morphius?, Who is he?, what is the one? and who is it who is speaking?. Even from the start of the of th e movie we are being already in the thick of it trying to work out things that we do not even know about.I feel that the actual plot and dialogue creates the best suspense in the matrix, as without that the other pieces that are used would not make sense. The way that the directors have set out and structured this movie makes it truly brilliant. However, for me it is the plot and the dialogue that separates it from the rest.

Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethics - Case Study Example It will also eradicate corruption and many other wrong doings. The pressure could be in the working conditions or the way the employees are treated by the management. The benefit of coming up with this system is that it will be able to protect the integrity of the organization no matter how small it is. These hotlines are good. As they are currently referred to as a whistleblower, because of how one can tell of their problem without fear. This is because of the fact that they are able to discuss anything without the fear of retaliating. For example if there is bad leadership in the firm the people will speak out without the fear of being sacked. The firm should change the leadership style and come up with exactly what people need. Through this, the employees will always be proud of what they do. The employees should always be updated on the progress of the company. This is to ensure that they can be able to have an open chance of contributing to what is going on in the organization. Having this system is ethical because we go by the culture of the firm and follow the ideas of the employees. It creates a feeling of patriotism in the firm. It also motivates the employees to work hard and boosts their self-morale because they are able to participate in the managerial ideas. It makes them become the best and give the best they have for the firm. On top of all these the employees should be taught on their code of conduct while dealing with the hotline. This is to avoid lack of respect to the system. This is not for discouraging the employees from expressing their ideas or complains (Boehme 2). It will help them conquer the fatigue caused when the employers start being unrealistic in their hotlines. It helps them remain in the context of what has really brought them to work. The organization should make sure that they implement the ideas which are raised by their employee. This will motivate them to use